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Experimental investigations on combustion characteristics of syngas composed of CH

Qingwei FAN, Shien HUI, Qulan ZHOU, Qinxin ZHAO, Tongmo XU

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2010, Volume 4, Issue 4,   Pages 404-410 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0513-x

Abstract: The residual gas and remained raw gas in dual gas resources polygeneration system are quite complex in components (mainly CH , CO, and H ), and these results to the distinguished differences in combustion reaction. Experimental investigations on basic combustion characteristics of syngas referred above are conducted on a laboratory-scale combustor with flame temperature and flue gas composition measured and analyzed. Primary air coefficient (PA), total air coefficient (TA), and components of the syngas (CS) are selected as key factors, and it is found that PA dominates mostly the ignition of syngas and NO formation, while TA affects the flue gas temperature after high temperature region and NO formation trend to be positive as H /CO components increase. The results provide references for industrial utilization.

Keywords： dual gas resources polygeneration     lean premixed combustion     residual gas     remained raw gas     NO<sub><italic>xitalic>sub> emission    

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Assessment of toxicity of two nitroaromatic compounds in the freshwater fish

Hongyan SHEN, Jixi GAO, Jinsheng WANG

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012, Volume 6, Issue 4,   Pages 518-523 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0427-6

Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the toxicological response of -nitrotoluene and -nitroaniline to the key fish species, . A freshwater fish bioassay based on the 96 h was used to estimate the single and joint toxicity of the two chemicals. The toxicity of -nitrotoluene was greater than that of -nitroaniline based on 96 h values of 40.74 mg·L and 48.99 mg·L , respectively. Both compounds had moderate toxicity toward , and this toxicity increased with the exposure duration and concentration. Binary mixtures of the compounds were more toxic than the individual compounds at 96 h, and they acted upon partial addition. When the exposure time was longer, the toxicity increased for mixtures of compounds with the same concentration or toxicity. The results of this study suggest that exposure to a combination of these chemicals would result in a higher environmental risk in aquatic systems than exposure to either compound alone. Further research is needed to investigate the combined effects and sublethal toxicity of -nitrotoluene and -nitroaniline, since they are both still used in China.

Keywords： joint toxicity     <italic>Cyprinus carpioitalic>     <italic>LCitalic><sub>50sub>     <italic>pitalic>-nitrotoluene     <italic>pitalic>-nitroaniline     toxic unit    

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PCDD/Fs emission, risk characterization, and reduction in China’s secondary copper production industry

Haiqian LI, Yonglong LU, Li LI

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 4,   Pages 589-597 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0495-2

Abstract: Secondary copper production is one of the key polychlorinated dibenzo- -dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) emissionIn this paper, PCDD/Fs emission dynamics from secondary copper industry were discussed and cumulativecomparatively higher accumulated risk and were recommended as the priority regions for promoting PCDD/Fs emissionFrom 2009 to 2015, the PCDD/Fs emission dynamics in the secondary copper industry were presented throughPCDD/Fs emission equations were established, resulting in the recommendation of control technology conversion

Keywords： polychlorinated dibenzo-<italic>pitalic>-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs)     secondary copper production     emission     risk     China    

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Synthesis of

Lili ZHANG, Ming LIU, Shijun MA, Yaodong HUANG, Yongmei WANG

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 4,   Pages 408-414 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1343-4

Abstract: Two new -symmetric primary-secondary diamines were synthesized via the reaction of ( , )-1,2-diphenyl ethylene diamine with 3,5-ditert-butyl salicylaldehyde and salicylaldehyde, respectively, followed by reduction with NaBH . The combination of the ligand from 3,5-ditert-butyl salicylaldehyde with CuBr could effciently catalyze the Henry reaction to afford -nitroalkanols in moderate to good yields (up to 87%) and high enantioselectivities (up to 88% ). A possible mechanism of the reaction was proposed.

Keywords： enantioselective Henry reaction     <italic>Citalic><sub>1sub>-symmetric diamines     asymmetric reaction    

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Effects of different sediment fractions on sorption of galaxolide

Lixia JIN, Mengchang HE, Jinghuan ZHANG

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012, Volume 6, Issue 1,   Pages 59-65 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0259-1

Abstract: Sorption isotherms of galaxolide (HHCB) of different fractions from two sediments with different mineral and organic carbon contents were determined to compare HHCB sorption behavior and contribution to the total sorption. The HHCB sorption isotherms that used the batch equilibration method were studied on different sediments of different fractions. The sorption isotherms of 600°C heating fractions were detailed using the linear model, while the other fractions were nonlinear and fitted well with the Freundlich model. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removed, NaOH extracted, and 375°C heating fractions showed more nonlinear sorption than the original sediments, which suggested more heterogeneous sorption sites in these fractions. Compared to the original sediments, the 375°C heating fractions had higher carbon-normalized distribution coefficient ( ) values, indicating a higher sorption affinity for HHCB. Among the different sediment fractions, the contribution of the 600°C heating fractions to the overall sorption were the lowest (<20%), while the 375°C heating fractions were the highest (up to 85%).

Keywords： galaxolide (HHCB)     sorption     organic carbon     sediment     carbon-normalized distribution coefficient (<italic>Kitalic><sub>ocsub>)    

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The effect of preparation conditions of Pt/Al

Lei YUAN, Xiang ZHENG, Kaijiao DUAN, Hao HU, Jinggang WANG, Seong Ihl WOO, Zhiming LIU

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 3,   Pages 457-463 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0512-5

Abstract: Selective catalytic reduction of NO by H in the presence of oxygen has been investigated over Pt/Al O catalysts pre-treated under different conditions. Catalyst preparation conditions exert significant influence on the catalytic performance, and the catalyst pre-treated by H or H then followed by O is much more active than that pre-treated by air. The higher surface area and the presence of metallic Pt over Pt/Al O pre-treated by H or pretreated by H then followed by O can contribute to the formation of NO , which then promotes the reaction to proceed at low temperatures.

Keywords： NO<sub><italic>xitalic>sub> reduction     Pt/Al<sub>2sub>O<sub>3sub>     preparation condition     H<sub>2sub>-SCR    

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H<sub>∞sub> control in the frequency domain for a semi-active floor isolation system

Yundong SHI, Tracy C BECKER, Masahiro KURATA, Masayoshi NAKASHIMA

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 3,   Pages 264-275 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0214-x

Abstract: A floor isolation system installed in a single floor or room in a fixed base structure is designed to protect equipment. With this configuration, the input motions to the floor isolation from the ground motions are filtered by the structure, leaving the majority of the frequency content of the input motion lower than the predominant frequency of the structure. The floor isolation system should minimize the acceleration to protect equipment; however, displacement must also be limited to save floor space, especially with long period motion. Semi-active control with an control was adopted for the floor isolation system and a new input shaping filter was developed to account for the input motion characteristics and enhance the effectiveness of the control. A series of shake table tests for a semi-active floor isolation system using rolling pendulum isolators and a magnetic-rheological damper were performed to validate the control. Passive control using an oil damper was also tested for comparison. The test results show that the control effectively reduced acceleration for short period motions with frequencies close to the predominant frequency of the structure, as well as effectively reduced displacement for long period motions with frequencies close to the natural frequency of the floor isolation system. The control algorithm proved to be more advantageous than passive control because of its capacity to adjust control strategies according to the different motion frequency characteristics.

Keywords： semi-active     floor isolation     <italic>Hitalic><sub>∞sub> control     MR damper     shaping filter     shaking table    

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Factors controlling

Chengkun WANG, Xiaojian ZHANG, Chao CHEN, Jun WANG

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 2,   Pages 151-157 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0482-7

Abstract: The formation of cancinogenic nitrosamines, esp. -nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in water and wastewater treatment plants has drawn much attention in recent years. Dissolved organic matter from the transported Luan River water as water source of Tianjin was fractionated with different XAD resins and a series of ultra-filtration membranes with molecular weight (MW) cut-offs of 5k Da, 3k Da, and 1k Da, respectively. The NDMA yields from the raw water and each fraction were measured to investigate their role in NDMA yield. Results indicated that the hydrophilic fraction had a higher NDMA yield than those of hydrophobic fraction and transphilic fraction. The fraction with MW below 1k Da had a higher NDMA yield than that with larger MW. NDMA formation increased as the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) ratio decreased, which indicated that DON might serve as the real important precursor for NDMA. The correlation between NDMA yield and specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA ) suggested that the latter might not represent the specific precursors for NDMA in the water. Besides the water quality, the influences of pH, disinfectant dosage, and disinfection contact time on the formation of NDMA were also examined. These results will help water treatment plants establish measures to control this harmful disinfection by-product.

Keywords： <italic>Nitalic>-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)     disinfection by-product     dissolved organic nitrogen (DOC)     hydrophilic     molecular weight (MW)     specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA<sub>254sub>)    

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Numerical simulation and experimental verification of chemical reactions for SCR DeNO

Qiang ZHANG, Yonglin FAN, Wenyan LI

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2010, Volume 4, Issue 4,   Pages 523-528 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0520-y

Abstract: Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is a major commercial technology for NO removal in power plants. There are a lot of complex chemical reactions in SCR reactors, and it is of great significance to understand the internal process of chemical reactions for SCR DeNO and study the impact of various factors on NO removal efficiency. In this paper, the impact of reaction temperature, ammonia-nitrogen molar ratio and resident time in the catalyst bed layer on NO removal efficiency were studied by simulation of chemical reactions. Then calculated results were compared with catalyst activity test data in a power plant, which proved that the simulated results were accurate. As a result, the reaction conditions were optimized in order to get the best removal efficiency of NO, so that we can provide a reference for optimal running of SCR in power plants.

Keywords： SCR     NO<sub><italic>xitalic>sub>     removal efficiency     chemical reactions     simulation    

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A combined experimental and theoretical study of micronized coal reburning

Hai ZHANG, Jiaxun LIU, Jun SHEN, Xiumin JIANG

Frontiers in Energy 2013, Volume 7, Issue 1,   Pages 119-126 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0226-6

Abstract: However, it has two major kinetic barriers in minimizing NO emission.The present study of MCR will provide insight into its lower NO emission and guidance for further studies

Keywords： transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)     density functional theory (DFT)     homogeneous reaction mechanism     NO<sub><italic>xitalic>sub>    

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Design and operational considerations for selective catalytic reduction technologies at coal-fired boilers

Jeremy J. SCHREIFELS, Shuxiao WANG, Jiming HAO

Frontiers in Energy 2012, Volume 6, Issue 1,   Pages 98-105 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0171-4

Abstract: address these growing emissions, the Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) has introduced new NO emissionprovides an overview of SCR technology performance at coal-fired electric power plants demonstrating emission

Keywords： nitrogen oxides (NO<sub><italic>xitalic>sub>)     coal     selective catalytic reduction (SCR)     air pollution    

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Air pollutant control and strategy in coal-fired power industry for promotion of China’s emission reduction

Weiliang WANG, Bo LI, Xuan YAO, Junfu LYU, Weidou NI

Frontiers in Energy 2019, Volume 13, Issue 2,   Pages 307-316 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0620-4

Abstract: Based on a brief review of the development of emission control in China’s coal-fired power industry,the affecting mechanism among the development of installed capacities of emission control device, pollutantemission, and emission performances in coal-fired power industry is studied.It is found that, coal-fired power industry has contributed the most to China’s emission reduction, andThen some development strategies are suggested, such as maintaining the current emission standard in

Keywords： coal-fired power industry     energy intensive industries     pollutant emission control     NO<sub>xsub>     SO<sub>2sub>     soot    

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Uncovering CO<sub>2sub> emission drivers under regional industrial transfer in China’s Yangtze River

Huijuan JIANG, Yong GENG, Xu TIAN, Xi ZHANG, Wei CHEN, Ziyan GAO

Frontiers in Energy 2021, Volume 15, Issue 2,   Pages 292-307 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0706-z

Abstract: It decomposes regional CO emission changes using the temporal and cross-regional three-layer logarithmicBesides, it decomposes industrial CO emission changes using the temporal two-layer LMDI method.The research results show that economic growth is the major driver for regional CO emission disparitiesThe mitigation drivers, such as energy intensity and energy structure, lead to a more decreased CO emission

Keywords： CO<sub>2sub> emission     multi-layer LMDI decomposition     industrial transfer     governance    

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Peak CO

Sheng ZHOU, Maosheng DUAN, Zhiyi YUAN, Xunmin OU

Frontiers in Energy 2020, Volume 14, Issue 4,   Pages 740-758 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0558-y

Abstract: In the BAU scenario, CO emission will peak in 2025 at 70 million tons of carbon dioxide (MtCO ), andconsumption, and using more low-carbon /carbon free fuel are recommended in Dezhou city peaked CO emission

Keywords： carbon dioxide emission     energy consumption     peak CO<sub>2sub> emission     low-carbon transition     Dezhou    

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N<sub>2sub>O emission from a sequencing batch reactor for biological N and P removal from wastewater

Lei SHEN,Yuntao GUAN,Guangxue WU,Xinmin ZHAN

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2014, Volume 8, Issue 5,   Pages 776-783 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0586-0

Abstract: N O emission from a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal fromaims were to examine which process, nitrification or denitrification, would contribute more to N O emissionand to study the effects of heterotrophic activities on N O emission during nitrification.The results showed that N O emission was mainly attributed to nitrification rather than to denitrificationN O emission during denitrification mainly occurred with stored organic carbon as the electron donor.

Keywords： biological nutrient removal     denitrification     greenhouse gas     nitrification     nitrous oxide    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Experimental investigations on combustion characteristics of syngas composed of CH

Qingwei FAN, Shien HUI, Qulan ZHOU, Qinxin ZHAO, Tongmo XU

Journal Article

Assessment of toxicity of two nitroaromatic compounds in the freshwater fish

Hongyan SHEN, Jixi GAO, Jinsheng WANG

Journal Article

PCDD/Fs emission, risk characterization, and reduction in China’s secondary copper production industry

Haiqian LI, Yonglong LU, Li LI

Journal Article

Synthesis of

Lili ZHANG, Ming LIU, Shijun MA, Yaodong HUANG, Yongmei WANG

Journal Article

Effects of different sediment fractions on sorption of galaxolide

Lixia JIN, Mengchang HE, Jinghuan ZHANG

Journal Article

The effect of preparation conditions of Pt/Al

Lei YUAN, Xiang ZHENG, Kaijiao DUAN, Hao HU, Jinggang WANG, Seong Ihl WOO, Zhiming LIU

Journal Article

H<sub>∞sub> control in the frequency domain for a semi-active floor isolation system

Yundong SHI, Tracy C BECKER, Masahiro KURATA, Masayoshi NAKASHIMA

Journal Article

Factors controlling

Chengkun WANG, Xiaojian ZHANG, Chao CHEN, Jun WANG

Journal Article

Numerical simulation and experimental verification of chemical reactions for SCR DeNO

Qiang ZHANG, Yonglin FAN, Wenyan LI

Journal Article

A combined experimental and theoretical study of micronized coal reburning

Hai ZHANG, Jiaxun LIU, Jun SHEN, Xiumin JIANG

Journal Article

Design and operational considerations for selective catalytic reduction technologies at coal-fired boilers

Jeremy J. SCHREIFELS, Shuxiao WANG, Jiming HAO

Journal Article

Air pollutant control and strategy in coal-fired power industry for promotion of China’s emission reduction

Weiliang WANG, Bo LI, Xuan YAO, Junfu LYU, Weidou NI

Journal Article

Uncovering CO<sub>2sub> emission drivers under regional industrial transfer in China’s Yangtze River

Huijuan JIANG, Yong GENG, Xu TIAN, Xi ZHANG, Wei CHEN, Ziyan GAO

Journal Article

Peak CO

Sheng ZHOU, Maosheng DUAN, Zhiyi YUAN, Xunmin OU

Journal Article

N<sub>2sub>O emission from a sequencing batch reactor for biological N and P removal from wastewater

Lei SHEN,Yuntao GUAN,Guangxue WU,Xinmin ZHAN

Journal Article